Impact of resistance exercise order on postexercise hemodynamic measures in middle-aged and older women

Abstract Aim: to compare the impact of different resistance exercise orders on postexercise hemodynamic measures in resistance-trained nonhypertensive middle-aged and older women. Methods: Twenty-three women (age 50-78 yrs) were randomized into two resistance training (RT) groups: one group started training sessions performing multi-joint exercises followed by single-joint exercises (MS, n = 12; 58.92 ± 5.53 yrs), while the other group performed their sessions in the opposite order (SM, n = 11; 57.93 ± 11.89 yrs). Both groups performed their RT sessions composed of 7 exercises performed in 3 sets of 10-15 repetitions maximum. Blood pressure was measured by automated equipment during pre-training and at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min after the training session. Results: Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) identified an isolated effect of time only for systolic blood pressure (p = 0.003) with statistically significant reductions in pre-session measurement at 60 min post-session in both groups (MS: 117.67 ± 15.89 mmHg vs. 111.25 ± 11.84 mmHg and SM: 118.64 ± 15.13 mmHg vs. 111.50 ± 15.62 mmHg). Regarding diastolic blood pressure and subjective perception of effort, no difference was identified between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that a RT session can promote post-exercise hypotension for systolic blood pressure after 60 min of recovery in middle-aged and nonhypertensive older women regardless of the exercise order.

Effects of different order of combined training on functional capacity, blood pressure, and body composition in women from 53 to 79 years old / Efeitos de diferentes ordens do treinamento combinado sobre a capacidade funcional, pressão arterial e composição corporal em mulheres de 53 a 79 anos

Objective: To assess the effects of order of resistance training (RT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on functional capacity, blood pressure, and body composition in middle-aged and older women. Methods: Twenty-two participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: RT followed by HIIT (RT-HIIT, n = 10, mean age 64.5 ± 7.9 years) or HIIT followed by RT (HIIT-RT, n = 10, mean age 59.32 ± 4.44 years). Both groups trained twice a week for 8 weeks. RT was composed of 7 exercises for the upper and lower body. HIIT was composed of alternate pairings of high-intensity (> 85% of maximum heart rate [MHR]) and moderate-intensity (60% MHR) running. Results: A time effect was found for upper-body muscle endurance (HIIT-RT = +9.43%; RT-HIIT = +6.16%), agility and dynamic balance (HIIT-RT = -5.96%; RT-HIIT = -8.57%), and cardiorespiratory fitness (HIIT-RT = +5.14%; RT-HIIT = +6.13%), with no difference between groups. Body composition and blood pressure did not change throughout the investigation for either group. Conclusion: Eight weeks of a combined HIIT and RT exercise program improved functional capacity of middle-aged and older women without altering blood pressure and body composition, regardless of the order of exercises.

Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da ordem do treinamento resistido (TR) e do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT) sobre a capacidade funcional, pressão arterial e composição corporal em mulheres de meia-idade e idosas. Metodologia: Vinte e duas mulheres foram aleatoriamente designadas em dois grupos: um grupo realizou TR seguido por HIIT (TR-HIIT, n = 10, 64,5 ± 7,94 anos) e outro grupo realizou HIIT seguido por TR (HIIT-TR, n = 10, 59,32 ± 4,44 anos). Ambos os grupos treinaram duas vezes por semana durante oito semanas. O TR foi composto por sete exercícios para a parte superior e inferior do corpo. O HIIT foi composto de pares alternados de corrida de alta intensidade (> 85% da frequência cardíaca máxima [FCM]) e intensidade moderada (60% FCM). Resultados: Foi encontrado um efeito dos programas de exercício para a resistência muscular de membros superiores do corpo (HIIT-TR = +9.43%; TR-HIIT = +6.16%), agilidade e equilíbrio dinâmico (HIIT-TR = -5,96%; TR-HIIT = -8.57%) e aptidão cardiorrespiratória (HIIT-TR = +5.14%; TR-HIIT = +6.13%), sem diferença entre os grupos. A composição corporal e a pressão arterial não se alteraram ao longo da investigação em nenhum dos grupos. Conclusão: Oito semanas de um programa combinado de exercícios de HIIT e de TR proporcionaram melhora na capacidade funcional de mulheres de meia-idade e idosas, sem alterar a pressão arterial e a composição corporal, independente da ordem de execução.

Changes in the daily routine and life perceptions of older adults due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic / Alterações na rotina diária e percepções de vida de adultos idosos devido à pandemia de doença pelo coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19)

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze changes in the daily routine and life perceptions of older adults due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 338 older adults (93 men and 238 women) residing in southern Brazil. An online questionnaire consisting of 20 questions was created using the Google Forms platform and was distributed to older adults (> 60 years of age) during the isolation period caused by the coronavirus disease pandemic. Data analysis was conducted through Student's-t and χ2 tests. RESULTS: Our results showed a significant association between social isolation and sex (p < 0.01), revealing that women experienced higher levels of social isolation than men. We observed that 82.21% of the older adults participating in this study reported changes in their social routines during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: During this period of extended social isolation, women reported more negative effects than men.

OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as alterações perceptivas em idosos em decorrência da pandemia de COVID-19. METODOLOGIA: Estudo transversal realizado com 338 idosos (93 homens e 238 mulheres), residentes na região sul do Brasil. Um questionário online criado na plataforma Google Forms®, composto por 20 questões, foi aplicado aos idosos no período de isolamento devido à pandemia do COVID-19. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio do teste t de Student e teste do χ2 . RESULTADOS: Encontrou-se uma associação significativa entre isolamento social e sexo (p < 0,01), revelando que as mulheres vivenciaram maior isolamento social do que os homens. Observa-se que 82,21% dos idosos relataram mudança na rotina social durante a pandemia. CONCLUSÕES: Durante esse período de isolamento social prolongado, as mulheres mostraram mais efeitos negativos do que os homens.

Resistance training exercise selection: efficiency, safety and comfort analysis method / Seleção do exercício no treinamento resistido: método de análise eficiência, segurança e conforto

Abstract Manipulation of resistance training variables has been shown to have a substantial effect on muscular adaptations. A major variable in this process is exercise selection. In addition to the effectiveness of a given exercise to recruit the target muscle groups, safety considerations and individual comfort during execution of a lift should be considered. The correct biomechanics of the chosen exercise will assist in promoting desired muscle adaptations, while proper safety procedures will reduce risk of injury. Lifting comfort will facilitate enjoyment and foster adherence to the program. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to offer guidelines for selection of resistance training exercises based on the Efficiency, Safety, and Comfort Analysis Method (ESCAM).

Resumo A manipulação das variáveis do treinamento resistido demonstraram ter um efeito substancial nas adaptações musculares. Uma variável importante neste processo é a seleção de exercícios. Além da eficácia de um determinado exercício para recrutar os grupos musculares-alvo, as considerações de segurança e conforto individual durante a execução de um levantamento devem ser considerados. A biomecânica correta do exercício escolhido ajudará a promover as adaptações musculares desejadas, enquanto os procedimentos de segurança adequados reduzirão o risco de lesões. O conforto no levantamento facilitará o prazer e promoverá a adesão ao programa. Portanto, o objetivo deste artigo é oferecer orientações para a seleção de exercícios no treinamento resistido com base no Método de Análise de Eficiência, Segurança e Conforto (ESCAM).

Hydration status, sweating rate, heart rate and perceived exertion after running sessions in different relative humidity conditions: a randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of running in normal relative humidity (RH = 53%) and very high RH (94%) on hydration status (HS), sweating rate (SR), heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Fourteen men (25.2 ± 6.6 yrs) performed two sessions of treadmill running. Body mass (normal RH: -1.35%, very high RH: -1.65%) HS (normal RH: -14.8%; very high RH: -20.8%) were reduced while RPE (normal RH: +26%; very high RH: +28%) and HR were increased (very high RH: +5.8%: 20-40 min, +3.1%: 40-60 min, +3%: 20-40 min; +2.3%: 40-60 min for normal RH). As expected, SR was significantly greater during very high RH (-20/8%) compared to normal RH (-14.8%). Running in very high RH at moderate temperature has a greater negative impact on SR, HS, body mass, HR, RPE in men than running in normal RH at the same temperature, which places the runner in greater danger of heat illnesses such as heat exhaustion or heat stroke.

RESUMO Analisar o impacto da corrida em diferentes humidade relativa (HR) (normal (53%), muito alto (94%)), estado de hidratação (EH), taxa de transpiração (TT), freqüência cardíaca (FC), esforço percebido (RPE). Quatorze homens (25,2 anos) realizaram duas sessões de corrida em esteira. Massa corporal (HR normal: -1,35%, HR muito alta: -1,65%) e EH reduziram (HR normal: -14,8%, HR muito alta: -20,8%), RPE (HR normal: + 26%, HR muito alta: + 28%), aumento da FC (HR muito alta: + 5.8%: 20-40 min, + 3.1%: 40-60 min, HR normal: + 3%: 20-40 min; + 2.3%: 40-60 min). TT foi significantemente diferente entre HR (HR normal: -14.8%, HR muito alta: -20.8%). Há um impacto negativo na corrida em EH, massa corporal, FC e RPE em homens com HR normal e muito alta, e TT é mais afetada com HR muito alta.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las repercusiones de correr con diferentes niveles de humedad relativa (HR) (normal [53%], muy alta [94%]) sobre el estado de hidratación (EH), la tasa de sudoración (TS), la frecuencia cardíaca (FC) y el esfuerzo percibido (EP). Catorce hombres (25,2 ± 6,6 años) realizaron dos sesiones en cinta de correr. La masa corporal (HR normal: -1,35%; HR muy alta: -1,65%) y el EH (HR normal: -14,8%; HR muy alta: -20,8%) se redujeron, mientras que el EP (HR normal: +26%; HR muy alta: +28%) y la FC (HR muy alta: +5,8%: 20-40 min; +3,1%: 40-60 min; HR normal: + 3%: 20-40 min; + 2,3%: 40-60) aumentaron. La TS fue considerablemente diferente entre las HR (HR normal: -14,8%; muy alta HR: -20,8%). Hay repercusiones negativas por correr con una HR muy alta y una temperatura moderada en TS, EH, masa corporal, FC y EP en corredores que corren a una HR normal a la misma temperatura, lo que sitúa a estos en gran peligro de sufrir un enfermedad provocada por el calor, como agotamiento por calor o golpe de calor.

Twenty minutes of post-exercise hypotension are enough to predict chronic blood pressure reduction induced by resistance training in older women

AIM: This study investigated the correlation between post-exercise hypotension (PEH) and chronic blood pressure (BP) reduction in older women after a resistance training (RT) program. METHODS: Twenty-five older women (≥60 years) performed a RT program for 8 weeks, 3x/week consisting of 3 sets of 8-12 repetitions maximum in 8 exercises. Acute and chronic BP measurements were performed using automatic equipment, in which acute BP was measured before and after 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min following the sixth exercise session, while chronic BP was measured pre and post-training. RESULTS: Significant decrease for systolic blood pressure (SBP) was observed after the intervention period, however, the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) did not change. To acute changes in BP, SBP decreased at all times after a single RT session, while DBP increased after 40 min. The reduction for SBP after a single RT session at baseline showed positive and significant correlations with the reductions in basal SBP observed after the 8 weeks of RT, the strongest correlations were observed at 20 min. A linear relationship between the magnitude of change in chronic SBP and the 20 min for acute SBP, and 30 min for acute DBP of post-exercise was observed. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that acute BP lowering after RT session is a reliable predictor of chronic BP response to exercise training, and 20 min of resting, after RT training, is enough to indicate chronic response of BP as this measure was highly associated with chronic BP lowering in older women.(AU)